Pharmaceutics

Historical background and development of profession of pharmacy
a. History of profession of Pharmacy in India
b. Pharmacy as a career
c. Pharmacopoeias: Introduction to IP, BP, USP and Extra Pharmacopoeia

• Dosage forms: Introduction
a. Classification and definitions
Prescription: Definition and parts
b. Handling of prescription
c. Errors in prescription

Posology: Definition and factors affecting posology
a. Pediatric dose calculations

Pharmaceutical calculations
a. Weights and measures (Imperial and Metric system)
b. Percentage solutions, alligation, proof spirit, and isotonic solutions

Powders: Definition and classification
Advantages and disadvantages
Simple and compound powders
Official preparations, dusting powders, effervescent, efflorescent, and hygroscopic powders
Eutectic mixtures
Geometric dilutions

Liquid dosage forms
Advantages and disadvantages
Excipients used in formulation
Solubility enhancement techniques

Monophasic liquids • Definitions and preparations of gargles, mouthwashes, throat paint, eardrops, nasal drops, enemas, syrups, elixirs, liniments, and lotions

Biphasic liquids
Suspensions
Definition, advantages and disadvantages, and classification
Preparation of suspensions
Flocculated and deflocculated suspension
Stability problems and methods to overcome
Emulsions
Definition, classification, and emulsifying agent
Test for identification of type of emulsion
Methods of preparation
Stability problems and methods to overcome

Suppositories
Definition, types, advantages, and disadvantages
Types of bases and methods of preparation
Displacement value and calculations
Evaluation of suppositories

Pharmaceutical incompatibilities
Definition and classification
Physical, chemical, and therapeutic incompatibilities with examples

Semisolid dosage forms
Definitions and classification
Mechanisms and factors influencing dermal penetration of drugs
Preparation of ointments, pastes, creams, and gels
Excipients used in semi-solid dosage forms
Evaluation of semi-solid dosage forms