Pathophysiology

 
Basic principles of Cell injury and Adaptation:
			
 •	Introduction, definitions, Homeostasis
			
•	Components and Types of Feedback systems
			
•	Causes of cellular injury
			
•	Pathogenesis (Cell membrane damage, Mitochondrial damage, Ribosome damage, Nuclear damage)
			
•	Morphology of cell injury – Adaptive changes (Atrophy, Hypertrophy, hyperplasia, Metaplasia, Dysplasia)
			
•	Cell swelling, Intracellular accumulation, Calcification, Enzyme leakage and Cell Death
			
•	Acidosis & Alkalosis, Electrolyte imbalance
			

			
Basic mechanism involved in the process of inflammation and repair:
				
	•	Introduction, Clinical signs of inflammation
				
	•	Different types of Inflammation
				
	•	Mechanism of Inflammation – Alteration in vascular permeability and blood flow, migration of WBC's
				
	•	Mediators of inflammation
				
	•	Basic principles of wound healing in the skin
				
	•	Pathophysiology of Atherosclerosis 

				
 Cardiovascular System:
				
•	Hypertension
				
•	Congestive heart failure
				
•	Ischemic heart disease (angina, myocardial infarction, atherosclerosis and 
 ii) Infectious diseases: 
 Sexually transmitted diseases (HIV, Syphilis, Gonorrhea), Urinary tract infecitons, Pneumonia, Typhoid, Tuberculosis, Leprosy, Malaria, Dysentery (bacterial and amoebic), Hepatitis-infective hepatits 
 
					
	Arteriosclerosis 
 
						
	Respiratory system:
					
 •	Asthma
					
 	•	Chronic obstructive airways diseases
					
Renal system:
					
 •	Acute and chronic renal failure
					
 
Haematological Diseases:
					
	•	Iron deficiency
					
	•	Megaloblastic anemia (Vit B12 and folic acid)
					
	•	Sickle cell anemia
					
	•	Thalassemia
					
•	Hereditary acquired anemia
					
	•	Hemophilia
					
	Endocrine system:
				
 	•	Diabetes
				
 •	Thyroid diseases
				
	•	Disorders of sex hormones
					
 Nervous system:
						
	•	Epilepsy 

						
	•	Parkinson's disease
						
	•	Stroke
						
	•	Psychiatric disorders: depression, schizophrenia and Alzheimer's disease
							
		
							
	 Gastrointestinal system:
								•	Peptic ulcer
								
 Unit IV 
							
 	Inflammatory bowel diseases
							
 •	Jaundice 
					
								
 •	Hepatitis (A, B, C, D, E, F)
								
	•	Alcoholic liver disease
								
 
								
	 Diseases of bones and joints 
 Rheumatoid arthritis 

									
	 Osteoporosis
										
	 Gout  	
											
Principles of cancer:
			
	•	Classification
			
	•	Etiology and pathogenesis of cancer
			

			
4. a) Types of shock, mechanisms, stages and management 
	b) Biological effects of radiation 
	c) Environmental and nutritional diseases
	 i) Air pollution and smoking- SO2, NO, NO2 and CO 
	 ii) Protein calorie malnutrition, vitamins, obesity, pathogenesis of starvation

				
 Unit V 
 Infectious diseses 
 Meningitis
					
•	Typhoid
				
	•	Leprosy
				
	•	Tuberculosis
				
	•	Urinary tract infections
				
	Sexually transmitted diseases:
				
	•	AIDS
				
	•	Syphilis
				
	•	Gonorrhea