• Impurities in pharmaceutical substances: history of pharmacopoeia, sources and types of impurities,
modified limit test for chloride and sulphate
principle involved in the limit test for chloride, sulphate, iron, arsenic, lead and heavy metals
• Acids, bases and buffers: buffer equations and buffer capacity in general, buffers in pharmaceutical systems, preparation, stability, buffered isotonic solutions, measurements of tonicity, calculations and methods of adjusting isotonicity
• Major extra and intracellular electrolytes: functions of major physiological ions, electrolytes used in replacement theray (ORS), physiological acid-base balance
electrolytes used in replacement therapy (sodium chloride, potassium chloride, calcium gluconate)
• Dental products: Role of fluoride in treatment of dental caries, desensitizing, zinc eugenol cement
• Dental products: dentifrices, calcium carbonate, sodium fluoride
• Gastrointestinal agents
Acidifiers: ammonium chloride, dilute hydrochloric acid
Antacid: ideal properties of antacids, combinations of antacids, sodium bicarbonate, aluminum hydroxide gel, magnesium hydroxide mixture
Cathartics: magnesium sulphate, sodium orthophosphate, kaolin, bentonite
Antimicrobials: mechanism, classification, potassium permanganate, boric acid, hydrogen peroxide, chlorinated lime, iodine and its preparations
Miscellaneous compounds
Expectorants: potassium iodide, ammonium chloride
Emetics: copper sulphate, sodium potassium tartarate
Haematinics: ferrous sulphate, ferrous gluconate
Poison and antidote: sodium thiosulphate, activated charcoal, sodium nitrite
Astringents: zinc sulphate, potash alum
Radiopharmaceuticals: radioactivity, measurement of radioactivity, properties of alpha, beta, gamma radiations, half life, radioisotopes and study of radioisotopes (sodium iodide I131), storage conditions, precautions and pharmaceutical application of radioactive substances.